Swiss cheese features
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the Sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] Later research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap. Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures. The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight, thereby increasing erosion. For a pit to develop, a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters is necessary. [6]
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
35573 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 8 images 156 internal links 6 external links |
cheese 0.484 swiss 0.428 scfs 0.253 pits 0.215 walls 0.178 ice 0.166 sublimate 0.137 steep 0.130 cusp 0.127 pit 0.124 formations 0.123 recede 0.119 8m 0.119 bean 0.119 surveyor 0.118 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the Sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] Later research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap. Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures. The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight, thereby increasing erosion. For a pit to develop, a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters is necessary. [6] |
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| 2017 |
34437 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 8 images 156 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.484 swiss 0.428 scfs 0.253 pits 0.215 walls 0.178 ice 0.166 sublimate 0.137 steep 0.130 cusp 0.127 pit 0.124 formations 0.123 recede 0.119 8m 0.119 bean 0.119 surveyor 0.118 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the Sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] Later research with HiRISE showed that the pits are in a 1-10 meter thick layer of dry ice that is sitting on a much larger water ice cap. Pits have been observed to begin with small areas along faint fractures. The circular pits have steep walls that work to focus sunlight, thereby increasing erosion. For a pit to develop, a steep wall of about 10 cm and a length of over 5 meters in necessary. [6] |
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| 2015 |
33177 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 8 images 154 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.530 swiss 0.468 scfs 0.277 sublimate 0.150 walls 0.146 cusp 0.139 formations 0.134 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the Sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the Sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] |
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| 2014 |
33651 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 8 images 156 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.530 swiss 0.468 scfs 0.277 sublimate 0.150 walls 0.146 cusp 0.139 formations 0.134 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] |
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| 2013 |
33678 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 8 images 156 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.530 swiss 0.468 scfs 0.277 sublimate 0.150 walls 0.146 cusp 0.139 formations 0.134 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and sublimate much more rapidly than the floor. The walls sublimate and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] |
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| 2012 |
32873 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 7 images 156 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.532 swiss 0.469 scfs 0.278 walls 0.147 cusp 0.139 formations 0.135 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 melt 0.128 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and melt much more rapidly, than the floor. The walls melt and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] [3] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [4] [5] |
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| 2011 |
32539 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 7 images 156 internal links 4 external links |
cheese 0.532 swiss 0.469 scfs 0.278 walls 0.147 cusp 0.139 formations 0.135 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 melt 0.128 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and melt much more rapidly, than the floor. The walls melt and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [3] [4] |
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| 2010 |
31905 characters 2 sections 4 paragraphs 7 images 153 internal links 2 external links |
cheese 0.532 swiss 0.469 scfs 0.278 walls 0.147 cusp 0.139 formations 0.135 recede 0.130 8m 0.130 bean 0.130 ice 0.130 surveyor 0.129 melt 0.128 roundness 0.119 curious 0.106 insolation 0.098 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) named from their similarity to the holes in Swiss cheese . They were first seen in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across and 8 metres deep, with a flat base and steep sides. They tend to have similar bean-like shapes with a cusp pointing towards the south pole, indicating that insolation is involved in their formation. The angle of the sun probably contributes to their roundness. Near the Martian summer solstice , the sun can remain continuously just above the horizon; as a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight, and melt much more rapidly, than the floor. The walls melt and recede, while the floor remains the same. [2] As the seasonal frost disappears, the pit walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. The SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, suggesting that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [3] [4] |
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| 2009 |
31537 characters 2 sections 6 paragraphs 7 images 152 internal links 1 external links |
cheese 0.474 swiss 0.418 scfs 0.310 walls 0.164 cusp 0.155 formations 0.150 8m 0.145 bean 0.145 ice 0.145 surveyor 0.144 melt 0.143 round 0.134 hypothesised 0.125 floor 0.119 curious 0.119 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars ( Mare Australe quadrangle ) and were first identified in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across, have a flat base with steep sides, and are shallow, typical depth is 8 metres . They tend to have similar bean-like shapes, with a cusp which points towards the south pole, indicating insolation is involved in their formation. The round shape is probably aided in its formation by the angle of the sun. In the summer, the sun moves around the sky, sometimes for 24 hours each day, just above the horizon. As a result the walls of a round depression will receive more intense sunlight then the floor; the wall will melt far more than the floor. The walls melt and receed, while the floor remains the same. [2] As the seasonal frost disappears their walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. Due to the way that the SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, it is hypothesised that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [3] |
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| 2008 |
28268 characters 2 sections 1 paragraphs 4 images 151 internal links 1 external links |
scfs 0.495 cusp 0.248 8m 0.232 bean 0.232 hypothesised 0.199 cheese 0.190 curious 0.190 insolation 0.175 darken 0.170 swiss 0.167 disappears 0.144 ice 0.139 meters 0.121 considerably 0.117 imagery 0.116 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars and were first identified in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across, have a flat base with steep sides, and are shallow, typical depth is 8 metres . They tend to have similar bean-like shapes, with a cusp which points towards the south pole, indicating insolation is involved in their formation. As the seasonal frost disappears their walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. Due to the way that the SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, it is hypothesised that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [2] |
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| 2007 |
7723 characters 2 sections 2 paragraphs 1 images 11 internal links 1 external links |
scfs 0.483 cusp 0.241 template 0.226 8m 0.226 bean 0.226 hypothesised 0.194 cheese 0.185 curious 0.185 insolation 0.171 darken 0.165 swiss 0.163 disappears 0.141 ice 0.135 meters 0.118 considerably 0.114 |
Swiss cheese features (SCFs) are curious pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars and were first identified in 2000 using Mars Orbiter Camera imagery. [1] They are typically a few hundred meters across, have a flat base with steep sides, and are shallow, typical depth is 8 metres . They tend to have similar bean-like shapes, with a cusp which points towards the south pole, indicating insolation is involved in their formation. As the seasonal frost disappears their walls appear to darken considerably relative to the surrounding terrain. Due to the way that the SCFs have been observed to grow in size, year by year, at an average rate of 1 to 3 meters, it is hypothesised that they are formed in a thin layer (8m) of carbon dioxide ice lying on top of water ice. [2] |